![]() The thorough appraisal of the state of the art identifies the Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV) technique as the most promising track to follow, since it provides the best trade-off between clinical and ambulatory compliances. The introductory part of this thesis is completed with a comprehensive review of the metrological means for the non-invasive and non-occlusive monitoring of cardiovascular parameters that have been used for this research, namely: electro-cardiography (ECG), photo-plethysmography (PPG), phono-cardiography (PCG), impedance-cardiography (ICG) and electrical impedance tomography (EIT). The studied approaches are the auscultatory, oscillometric, tonometric, volume-clamp and pulse wave velocity techniques. Currently existing approaches for the non-invasive monitoring of BP are then reviewed systematically: their principles of work and their respective advantages/limitations are identified from both, clinical and ambulatory perspectives. The thesis starts by reviewing basic concepts of cardiovascular physiology related to the control of BP in humans: this analysis aims at setting the background knowledge for the understanding of the challenges faced by the BP monitoring field. This thesis addresses thus the challenge of ambulatory BP monitoring from four different perspectives: cardiovascular physiology, clinical applicability, system integration, and signal/information processing. Particular emphasis is given to non-occlusive technologies that can be used in ambulatory scenarios, during daily life activities and not only within hospitals or physicians’ offices. The goal of this thesis is to investigate novel non-invasive technologies for the continuous measurement of BP. Therefore, the development of novel technologies that reduce the recurrent use of pneumatic cuffs is clearly justified. In addition, cuff-based methods may not yield representative BP during sleep as repeated inflations induce arousal reactions, leading to non-representative overestimated BP values. every twenty minutes, hence impeding the suitable monitoring of short-term BP regulation mechanisms. In addition to being occlusive, and thus cumbersome, clinical cuff-based methods provide intermittent BP readings, i.e. Detecting, treating and controlling hypertension are major goals of modern medicine.įor more than one century, the non-invasive measurement of BP has relied on the inflation of pneumatic cuffs around a limb, typically the upper arm. Clinically known as hypertension, elevated BP is considered the major risk factor for cardiovascular disease: the most common cause of death in developed countries. Elevated Blood Pressure (BP) is a human-specific illness affecting a quarter of the worldwide population.
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